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Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued June 2022Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued March 2022Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued December 2021Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued September 2021Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued June 2021Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued March 2021Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued December 2020Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued September 2020Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued June 2020Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued March 2020Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued December 2019Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued September 2019Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued June 2019Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued March 2019Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued December 2018Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued September 2018Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued June 2018Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued March 2018Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued September 2017 Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued March 2017 Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued September 2016 Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued March 2016 Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued June 2015 Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued March 2015 Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued December 2014 Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued June 2014 Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued March 2014 Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued September 2013 Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued June 2013 Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued March 2013 Instructions for Preparation, 031-041- issued September 2012 Instructions for Preparation, 031-041- issued June 2012 Instructions for Preparation, 031-041- issued March 2012 Instructions for Preparation, 031-041- issued September 2011 Instructions for Preparation, 031-041- issued June 2011 Instructions for Preparation, 031-041- issued March 2011 Instructions for Preparation, 031-041- issued December 2010 Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued September 2010 Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued June 2010 Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued March 2010 Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued December 2009 Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued September 2009 Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued June 2009 Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued March 2009 Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued December 2008 Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued June 2008 Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued March 2008 Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued June 2007 Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued March 2007 Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued September 2006 Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued June 2006 Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued March 2006 Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued September 2005 Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued June 2005 Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued March 2005 Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued June 2004 Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued March 2004 Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued June 2003 Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued March 2003 Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued June 2002 Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued March 2002 Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued June 2001 Instructions for Preparation, 031-041 - issued March 2001 Instructions for Preparation, 031-034 - issued June 2000 Instructions for Preparation, 031-034 - issued March 2000 September 1997 Forms and Instructions for Preparation, 031-034
Diplomatic efforts to reach a comprehensive, long-term and proper solution to the Iranian nuclear issue culminated in the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) concluded on 14 July 2015 by China, France, Germany, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom, the United States, the High Representative of the European Union (the E3/EU+3) and the Islamic Republic of Iran.
On 20 July 2015, the Security Council unanimously adopted resolution 2231 (2015) endorsing the JCPOA. The Security Council affirmed that conclusion of the JCPOA marked a fundamental shift in its consideration of the Iranian nuclear issue, expressed its desire to build a new relationship with Iran strengthened by the implementation of the JCPOA and to bring to a satisfactory conclusion its consideration of this matter.
Resolution 2231 (2015) urges full implementation of the JCPOA on the timetable established in JCPOA Annex V and sets forth the following steps for the eventual removal of Security Council sanctions on Iran:
Ten years from Adoption Day, provided that the provisions of the previous Security Council resolutions have not been reinstated in the interim (see below), all the provisions of resolution 2231 (2015) shall be terminated and the Security Council will have concluded its consideration of the Iranian nuclear issue.
Resolution 2231 (2015) provides for the Security Council to undertake directly tasks related to the implementation of the resolution, particularly with respect to the specific restrictions established in its Annex B, including to:
To facilitate its work under resolution 2231 (2015), the Security Council selects on an annual basis one of its member to serve as its Facilitator for these functions. The current Security Council Facilitator for the implementation of resolution 2231 (2015), for the period ending 31 December 2023, is Her Excellency Mrs. Vanessa Frazier (Malta). The Security Council Facilitator briefs the other members of the Council every six months, in parallel with the reporting by the Secretary General (see below).
Resolution 2231 (2015) stipulates that the Security Council, within 30 days of receiving a notification by a JCPOA participant State of an issue that the JCPOA participant State believes constitutes significant non-performance of commitments under the JCPOA, shall vote on a draft resolution to continue in effect the terminations of the provisions of previous Security Council resolutions.
Resolution 2231 (2015) further stipulates that if the Security Council does not adopt a resolution to continue in effect the termination of previous resolutions, then effective midnight GMT after the thirtieth day after the notification to the Security Council, all of the provisions of resolutions 1696 (2006), 1737 (2006), 1747 (2007), 1803 (2008), 1835 (2008), 1929 (2010) and 2224 (2015) shall apply in the same manner as they applied before the adoption of resolution 2231 (2015).
As an oily fish, Atlantic salmon provide a high nutritional content to consumers, especially with respect to EPA and DHA. However, like humans, salmon along with other coldwater marine species of fish are inefficient at converting the shorter-chain fatty acid, α-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n-3), into EPA and DHA, and must therefore obtain the n-3 LC-PUFA through the diet2,16,20. Farmed salmon were traditionally fed a diet with high levels of the marine ingredients, fish oil and fishmeal, derived from pelagic fisheries. The continued pressures on wild fish stocks as aquaculture production grows along with greater competition for LC-PUFA sources from the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries have resulted in changes to aquaculture feed formulations. Terrestrial ingredients such as plant sources, mainly of oilseed origin, are increasingly used in salmon feeds without any detriment to fish health or growth21. Nevertheless, the fatty acid profiles of vegetable oils differ from those of fish oil, being richer in n-6 PUFA and devoid of n-3 LC-PUFA, resulting in changes to the fatty acid composition of farmed fish16,21,22,23. Consequently, the nutritional benefit to the final human consumer is lowered prompting the International Fish Meal and Fish Oil Organisation, the trade group representing the marine ingredients industry, to highlight their concerns over the declining levels of n-3 LC-PUFA in farmed salmon. Thus, we examined the changes in the fatty acid contents and compositions, particularly with respect to EPA and DHA, in the flesh of Scottish Atlantic salmon farmed between 2006 and 2015 and discuss the potential implications for the human consumer. 2ff7e9595c
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